Representation and Citizenship addresses membership conundrums with fresh ideas regarding the problem of representation, community, and citizenship. Rogers Smith and Will Kymlicka in their opening chapters analyse these contradictions in terms of the constitutional foundations of membership ("a civic union") and the empirical realities of ethno-cultural-religious diversity. The multicultural diversity characteristic of modern societies needs a robust notion of cosmopolitanism to engender a shared membership. These foundational issues of citizenship are illustrated in subsequent chapters with case studies of various vocabularies of representation for minorities, migrants, and aboriginals. An original and creative contribution to citizenship studies.